Betula pendula Roth

 
  • Family : BETULACEAE
    (Birch Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : UTIS FAMILY (उतीस फैमिली)
  • Family (as per The APG System IV) : Betulaceae
  • Synonym(s) : Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) St.-Lag.; Betula alba lusus pendula (Roth) Regel; Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) W.T.Aiton
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Betula pendula Roth
  • Habit : Tree
  • Key identification features : Medium to large deciduous tree, up to 25m high; Trunks usually several, forming spreading crown; Bark on mature trunks and branches creamy to silvery white, surface smooth, exfoliates in long, thin strands, lenticels dark, horizontally elongated; Branches pendulous, twigs glabrous, usually dotted with small resinous glands; leaves broadly ovate to rhombic, 3–7 × 2.5–5 cm, base cuneate, rarely truncate, margins coarsely, sharply doubly serrate, apex acuminate, abaxial glabrous to sparsely pubescent, covered with minute resinous glands; Infructescence erect to nearly pendulous, cylindrical, 2–3.5 × 0.6–1 cm, breaks apart with fruits during autumn, scales sparsely pubescent on inner surface, central lobe obtuse, much shorter than lateral lobes, lateral lobes broad, rounded, extended, diverging from the middle; Fruit samara, wings much broader than seed body, broadest near the center, extend beyond the seed body at the apex.
  • Distribution :
    • Meghalaya : Arunachal Pradesh
  • Native : Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Altay, Amur, Argentina South, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, China, Chita, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Manchuria, Manitoba, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Northwest Territories, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Ontario, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tuva, Türkiye, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Yakutiya, Yukon
  • Exotic/Native : Exotic
  • World Distribution : Temp. Eurasia, NW. Africa, Alaska to Canada
  • Literature :
    • Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad
    • Mugal, Muzamil Ahmad
    • Wani, Sajad Ahmad (2023). ToI, Ver.-I : Trees of India, Version-I. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23226281.v1
  • Read more :
  • Permalink : https://indiatrees-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Betula pendula
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Trees and Vegetation Types. Betula pendula. Downloaded on 4 October 2026.

Distribution District wise

India Distribution

World Distribution
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