Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng.

 
  • Family : EUPHORBIACEAE
    (Spurge Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : AMLA FAMILY (आँवला फैमिली)
  • Family (as per The APG System IV) : Phyllanthaceae
  • Synonym(s) : Bridelia airy-shawii P.T.Li; Bridelia cinerascens Gehrm.; Bridelia squamosa (Lam.) Gehrm.
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss.
  • Common name : Spinous Kino Tree
  • Vernacular name :
    • Khaja (Hindi)
    • Kove mullu, Mullu honne, Mullu jogala (Kannada)
    • Adamaruthu, Mulvaengai, Marivaengai, Semmaram (Tamil)
    • Kutgi (Marathi)
    • Kutgi (Marathi)
    • Kasi, Panikasi (Oria)
    • Ekadania, Gonduvi (Hindi)
    • Verrikarake, Bontha epi, Koramadi, Anemu (Telugu)
  • Habit : Tree
  • Habitat : Tropical dry deciduous forests, Tropical moist deciduous forests
  • Comments / notes : Common in forests especially in valley sides
  • Key identification features : Often with impressed lateral nerves on upper surface of leaves, elongate, interrupted spikes and flowers in sessile clusters; Moderate size tree, apparently thorny when young. Bark is grey to dark brow with longitudinal cracks
  • Flower, Fruit : August-February
  • Collector(s) Name : S.B. Manohar, B.R. Ramesh
  • Collection Date : 08/03/1979
  • Collection Nos : KFP 8727
  • Collection Locality : B.R Hills, Chamarajanagar district (KA)
  • Distribution :
    • Andhra Pradesh : Kurnool district, Srikakulam district, Chittoor district, Y.S.R. Kadapa district, S.P.S. Nellore district
    • Karnataka : All districts of Karnataka
    • Maharashtra : Akola district, Thane district
    • Odisha : Odisha
    • Tamil Nadu : Tamil Nadu
    • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
    • Sikkim : Sikkim
    • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
    • Arunachal Pradesh : Kamneg
    • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
    • Assam : Assam
    • Nagaland : Nagaland
    • Delhi : Delhi
    • Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
    • Mizoram : Mizoram
    • Manipur : Manipur
    • Tripura : Tripura
  • Native : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Hainan, India, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Exotic/Native : Native
  • World Distribution : Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Hainan, India, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam
  • Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
  • Literature :
    • J.L.Ellis, 1990- Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 2
    • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 3
    • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
    • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
    • H. O. Saxena and M. Brahmam, 1989 - The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal), Orissa
    • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
    • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (2). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983.
    • Franklin Benjamin & G.V.S.Murthy, 2013. Flora of Sri Venkateswara National Park, Andhra Pradesh, BSI
    • Pullaiah et Ali Moulali 1997. Fl. Andhra Pradesh, vol. 2.pp. 845.
    • Kamble & Pradhan, 1988. Flora of Akola District, Maharashtra. Botanical Survey of India
    • K.Ravikumar, A.C.Tangavelou, & Navendu Page. (2021). Seed plants of Karnataka, India: A concise dictionary. FRLHT-TDU, National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Chennai.
  • Read more :
  • Permalink : https://indiatrees-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Bridelia retusa
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Trees and Vegetation Types. Bridelia retusa. Downloaded on 3 October 2026.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Field Image(s)

Habitat

Distribution District wise

India Distribution

World Distribution

GBIF Distribution
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