• Family : RHAMNACEAE
  (Buckthorn Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : BER FAMILY (बेर फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System IV) : Rhamnaceae
• Synonym(s) : Sarcomphalus mauritianus (Lam.) Raf.; Ziziphus indica Chaz.
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
• Common name : Common Jujube, Indian Jujube, Jujube tree, Chinese date
• Vernacular name :
  • Ber (Hindi)
  • Bugari mara, Bare hannina mara (Kannada)
  • Ilanthai, Yellande (Tamil)
  • Regu, Rengha, Gangareegu, Gongarenu, Regikarakandhavu, Reni (Telugu)
  • Barokoli, Bodokoli, Bodori, Boyer, Barakuli (Oria)
  • Badarah, Kolahi (Sanskrit)
  • Bor (Marathi)
  • Badari, Badaram, Cherumali, Elentha, Jujuba, Ilantha, Kolam, Lanthapazham, Parinthudar, Perimthudal (Malayalam)
• Habit : Tree
• Habitat : Tropical dry deciduous forests, scrub forests, Hill slopes and cultivated
• Comments / notes : Fruits are edible and the bark is said to be useful in diarrhoea.
• Key identification features : Trees, up to 10m high with umbrella shaped crown; Leaves obliquely ovate or orbicular; Flowers in short fascicles or cymes, greenish yellow; Drupes globose, orange yellow.
• Flower, Fruit : December-November
• Collector(s) Name : K.P.Sreenath; Cecil J. Saldanha
• Collection Date : 14-08-1979, 17-10-1953
• Collection Nos : KFP 8966, CJS 683
• Collection Locality : Savandurga, Bangalore district; Mumbra, Thane district
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Guntur district, Kurnool district, East Godavari district, Chittoor district, Visakhapatnam district
  • Karnataka : All districts of Karnataka
  • Kerala : Kasaragod district, Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Kottayam district, Alappuzha district, Pathanamthitta district, Thiruvananthapuram district
  • Maharashtra : All districts of Maharashtra
  • Tamil Nadu : All districts of Tamil Nadu
  • Jharkhand :
  • Madhya Pradesh : Madhya Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim : Sikkim
  • Himachal Pradesh : Chamba district, Kangra district, Kinnaur district, Kullu district, Shimla district
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Changlang, Siang, Subansiri
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Delhi : Delhi
  • Uttar Pradesh : Uttar Pradesh
  • Punjab : Punjab
  • Rajasthan : Jaisalmer district, Barmer district, Bikaner district, Jodhpur district
  • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands : North and Middle Andaman, South Andaman
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
• Native : Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Iran, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Laos, Malaya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Zaïre
• Exotic/Native : Native
• World Distribution : Cultivated in most parts of the world.
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature :
  • Pullaiah et al., 2002 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 1
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1994- Flora of Orissa Vol. 1
  • N.P.Singh, 1998 Flora of Eastern Karnataka Vol. 1
  • Matthew, K.M., Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Ramaswamy & Razi, 1973 - Flora of Bangalore district, Karnataka state
  • Rao & Razi, 1981 - Mysore
  • Bhaskar & Kushalappa, 2013- Flora of Tumkur District
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI
  • Henry, Kumari & Chithra (1983). Flora of Tamil Nadu, India vol. 1.
  • P.K . Hajra ., D.M. Verma and G.S. Giri (1996). Materials For The Flora Of Arunachal Pradesh , Vol (1), Pg : 338
  • Indigenous Plants at Biodiversity Park, Ranchi - Ranchi Afforestation Division, Forest and Environmental Department, Jharkhand
  • H J, Chowdhery, et al. Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Volume 1, Botanical Survey of India, 1984. Pg.: 153
  • K.Ravikumar, A.C.Tangavelou, & Navendu Page. (2021). Seed plants of Karnataka, India: A concise dictionary. FRLHT-TDU, National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Chennai.
  • Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, Govt. of India, Shimla
  • P. S. N. Rao, P. M. Padhey, B. K. Sinha, H. S. Debnath, P. Lakshminarasimhan, & L. N. Ray. (1999). Flora of Andaman-Nicobar Islands (Vol. 1). Director, Botanical Survey of India.
• Read more :
  • GBIF Data Online (Access to herbarium specimens)
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Permalink : https://indiatrees-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Ziziphus mauritiana
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Trees and Vegetation Types. Ziziphus mauritiana. Downloaded on 4 October 2026.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

Distribution District wise

India Distribution

World Distribution

GBIF Distribution