Holigarna grahamii (Wight) Kurz

 
  • Family : ANACARDIACEAE
    (Cashew Or Mango Or Sumac Family)
  • Family (Hindi name) : AAM FAMILY (आम फैमिली)
  • Family (as per The APG System IV) : Anacardiaceae
  • Basionym : Semecarpus grahamii Wight
  • Synonym(s) : Holigarna wightii N.P.Balakr.
  • Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Holigarna grahamii (Wight) Kurz
  • Vernacular name :
    • Bipti, Balwuli, Cheru, Nai-cheru, Vellacheru (Malayalam)
  • Habit : Tree
  • Habitat : Tropical evergreen forests, Tropical moist deciduous forests
  • Comments / notes : At elevations 200-850 m.
  • Key identification features : A large-sized evergreen tree growing up to 16 m tall with tomentose young branches. Leaves simple and large with obovate-elliptic lamina up to 40 cm long and 18 cm broad, acuminate at apex, tomentose beneath, with about 22-30 pairs of main nerves. Petiole is up to 4 cm long usually with 2 pairs of spurs. Inflorescence is a panicle with brown pubescence. Flowers are polygamous. Calyx toothed and accrescent. Petals are white and united below and hairy within. Male flowers with 5 stamens and obscure disk. Ovary is inferior with 3 styles and capitate stigma. Fruit is a drupe.
  • Flower, Fruit : October-May
  • Collection Nos : KFP 5384, CJS 12844
  • Distribution :
    • Karnataka : Belagavi district, Chikkamagaluru district, Dakshina Kannada district, Hassan district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Mysuru district, Shivamogga district, Udupi district, Uttara Kannada district
    • Kerala : Wayanad district, Kozhikode district, Malappuram district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Idukki district, Pathanamthitta district, Kollam district
    • Maharashtra : Pune district
    • Tamil Nadu : Kanyakumari district
    • Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Andaman Islands
  • Native : India
  • Exotic/Native : Native
  • Endemism : Western Ghats
  • World Distribution : India
  • Conservation Status : Vulnerable
  • Literature :
    • Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 - Flora of Hassan district, Karnataka
    • Saldanha, C.J. (1996). Flora of Karnataka vol. 2. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi
    • Balakrishna Gowda & A.N. Sringesh 2004 – Sringeri (checklist unpublished)
    • Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 - Flora of Coorg district, Karnataka state
    • Henry, Kumari & Chithra (1983). Flora of Tamil Nadu, India vol. 1
    • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI
    • Navendu Page (2017). Endemic woody plants of the Western Ghats.
    • K.Ravikumar, A.C.Tangavelou, & Navendu Page. (2021). Seed plants of Karnataka, India: A concise dictionary. FRLHT-TDU, National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Chennai.
    • P. S. N. Rao, P. M. Padhey, B. K. Sinha, H. S. Debnath, P. Lakshminarasimhan, & L. N. Ray. (1999). Flora of Andaman-Nicobar Islands (Vol. 1). Director, Botanical Survey of India.
  • Read more :
  • Permalink : https://indiatrees-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Holigarna grahamii
  • Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2026). India Trees and Vegetation Types. Holigarna grahamii. Downloaded on 3 October 2026.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

Distribution District wise

India Distribution

World Distribution

GBIF Distribution
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